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The Bernoullis (; ;〔Mangold, Max (1990) ''Duden — Das Aussprachewörterbuch''. 3. Auflage. Mannheim/Wien/Zürich, Dudenverlag.〕) were a patrician family of merchants and scholars, originally from Antwerp, who resettled in Basel, Switzerland. The name is sometimes misspelled Bernou-ill-i and mispronounced accordingly.〔Talk page, section Pronunciation〕 Over the course of three generations, the Bernoullis produced eight mathematically gifted academics who, between them, contributed to the foundations of applied mathematics and physics.〔(David Darling ''Encyclopedia of Science'' Bernoulli family )〕 Leon Bernoulli was a doctor in Antwerp, which, at that time, was in the Spanish Netherlands. He died in 1561, and in 1570 his son, Jacob, emigrated to Frankfurt am Main to escape from the Spanish persecution of the Huguenots. Jacob’s grandson, a spice trader, also named Jacob, moved in 1620 to Basel, Switzerland, and was granted Swiss citizenship.〔Historic Lexicon of the Swiss, (Bernoulli )〕 His son, Niklaus (1623-1708), Leon’s great-great-grandson, married Margarethe Schönauer. Niklaus had three sons, who became the foundation of the dynasty of mathematicians: * Jacob Bernoulli (1654–1705; also known as James or Jacques) mathematician after whom Bernoulli numbers are named, and author of the early probability text ''Ars Conjectandi'' * Nicolaus Bernoulli (1662–1716) painter and alderman of Basel * Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748; also known as Jean) mathematician and early adopter of infinitesimal calculus In addition to those mentioned above, the Bernoulli family produced many notable artists and scientists, in particular, a number of famous mathematicians in the 18th century: * Nicolaus I Bernoulli (1687–1759) mathematician; * Nicolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726) mathematician; worked on curves, differential equations, and probability, and originator of the St. Petersburg paradox * Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) developer of Bernoulli's principle and originator of the concept of expected utility for resolving the St. Petersburg paradox * Johann II Bernoulli (1710–1790; also known as Jean) mathematician and physicist * Johann III Bernoulli (1744–1807; also known as Jean) astronomer, geographer, and mathematician * Jacob II Bernoulli (1759–1789; also known as Jacques) physicist and mathematician *Hans Bernoulli, 20th century Swiss architect ==Devices and ideas named for members of the family== (詳細はBernoulli differential equation * Bernoulli distribution * Bernoulli number * Bernoulli polynomials * Bernoulli process * Bernoulli trial * Bernoulli's principle 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernoulli family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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